Which of the following is not considered a soft cost in construction?

Soft costs in construction refer to the indirect expenses that are not directly tied to the physical construction of a project. These costs typically include fees associated with professional services, permits, and insurance, among others.

Labor costs, on the other hand, are directly related to the construction process and encompass wages paid to workers involved in building. As such, they are classified as hard costs, which are the tangible costs associated with the physical construction of a project.

Insurance, architectural fees, and title expenses are all examples of soft costs. They are necessary for a project's development but do not contribute to the actual physical structure. Understanding the distinction between soft and hard costs is essential for accurate budgeting and financial planning in construction projects.