Which of the following can be considered a private encumbrance on property?

Easements are indeed a private encumbrance on property because they represent a legal right for someone to use a portion of another person's property for a specific purpose, such as access or utility lines. This encumbrance does not interfere with the ownership of the property but can limit how the property owner uses their land. Unlike public encumbrances like taxation, police power, and eminent domain, which affect all property within a jurisdiction and are typically enforced by government authorities, easements are established through agreements between private parties. This distinction is crucial for understanding how different rights and claims can impact property ownership and use.