Municipal services and planning are examples of what type of forces affecting neighborhoods?

Municipal services and planning fall under the category of governmental forces that influence neighborhoods. This includes actions taken by local municipalities to provide infrastructure, services, and regulations that shape the environment in which properties exist. Governmental forces can encompass zoning laws, land-use regulations, provision of public services like water and sewage, as well as policies aimed at community development and improvement.

Understanding these forces is crucial because they can have significant impacts on property values, neighborhood stability, and the overall quality of life for residents. Effective municipal planning can enhance accessibility, encourage economic development, and ensure that adequate facilities and services are available to meet the community's needs. This framework helps appraisers evaluate how the presence or absence of governmental efforts can affect property trends and neighborhood dynamics.

In contrast, other forces like physical, social, and economic forces have different foundational impacts that do not specifically relate to the administrative and regulatory aspects defined by governmental forces.